Answer to Question 1
Benign tumors grow slowly and are encapsulated. Their cells resemble the normal cells from which they arose. They grow by expansion and cause pressure on surrounding tissue. They remain localized and do not recur when surgically removed, tissue destruction is minimal, there is no cachexia, and they usually are not life threatening.
Malignant tumors grow rapidly and are not encapsulated. Their cells undergo permanent change, abnormal rapid proliferation, invasive growth and metastasis, and they spread via the bloodstream. They may recur when surgically removed if invasive growth has occurred and tissue destruction is extensive. If invasive growth has occurred, cancer cachexia can be a threat to life unless detected early and properly treated.
Answer to Question 2
The two causes of stroke are bleeding or blood clots. Both causes affect the brain in the same way; they prevent oxygen from reaching brain tissue and cause death of the affected brain tissue.
Photograph of a brain specimen with a large malignant tumor.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia. The condition results when an inner capsule of nonfunctional prostate
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Differences in the antigen-processing pathways between MHC molecules class I and class II.
Flow cytometry data that shows the differences in CD3+ CD4+ cells that occur with HIV infection. ...
Regional differences affect soil fertility