Answer to Question 1
B
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A Incorrect: The proportionately smaller stomach and intestines in infants and young children are not a factor in the regulation of homeostatic changes associated with fluids and electrolytes.
B Correct: Regulation of homeostatic changes associated with fluids and electrolytes in infants and young children is much slower than in adults because of children's immature kidneys and buffering systems. Children need more water to excrete a given amount of solute.
C Incorrect: Differences in the chemical composition of the body of children compared with adults are not a factor in the regulation of homeostatic changes associated with fluids and electrolytes.
D Incorrect: Immature nervous systems of infants and children are not a factor in the regulation of homeostatic changes associated with fluids and electrolytes.
Answer to Question 2
A
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A Correct: Saline is the predominant component of extracellular fluid because it contains large amounts of sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate.
B Incorrect: Potassium is not the predominant component of extracellular fluid. It is the predominant component of intracellular fluid.
C Incorrect: Proteins are not the predominant component of extracellular fluid.
D Incorrect: Phosphate is not the predominant component of extracellular fluid.
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