The parents of a child with acid-base imbalance ask the nurse ...

[jc611]

The parents of a child with acid-base imbalance ask the nurse about mechanisms that regulate acid-base balance. Which statement by the nurse accurately explains the mechanisms regulating acid-base balance in children?
 
  a. The respiratory, renal, and chemical-buffering systems regulate acid-base in the body.
  b. The kidneys balance acid; the lungs balance base.
  c. The cardiovascular and integumentary sys-tems work together to control acid-base.
  d. The skin, kidney, and endocrine systems control the body's acid-base.

Question 2

A nurse is assessing pain on a 12-year-old child. Which pain assessment tools are developmentally appropriate for the nurse to use? Select all that apply.
 
  a. CRIES pain scale
  b. Numeric Rating Scale
  c. Visual Analog Scale
  d. FLACC
  e. Adolescent and Pediatric Pain Tool

[kishoreddi]

Answer to Question 1

A
The acid-base system is regulated by chemical buffering, respiratory control of carbon dioxide, and renal regulation of bicarbonate and secretion of hydrogen ions. Both the kidneys and the lungs, along with the buffering system, contribute to acid-base balance. Neither system regulates acid or base balances exclusively. The cardiovascular and integumentary systems are not part of acid-base regulation in the body. Chemical buffers, the lungs, and the kidneys work together to keep the blood pH within a normal range.

Answer to Question 2

B, C, E
Developmentally appropriate pain assessment tools for a 12-year-old child include the Numeric Rating Scale, the Visual Analog Scale, and the Adolescent and Pediatric Pain Tool. The CRIES pain scale is recommended for neonates to 6 months and the FLACC is recommended for children who are preverbal.