Answer to Question 1
D
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a disease of metabolism, which is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The infant lacks the liver enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is necessary to convert phenylalanine, an essential amino acid, into tyrosine. Excessive phenylalanine levels build up in the bloodstream and tissues, causing permanent damage to brain tissue and leaving children severely cognitively challenged. Dietary restriction is the main treatment of PKU. Foods highest in phenylalanine are those that are rich in protein, such as meats, eggs, and milk. Foods low in phenylalanine include fruit juices, bananas, and lettuce. Pudding is forbidden because it is made with milk.
Answer to Question 2
A
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The chief sign of hypocalcemia is neuromuscular irritability, referred to as latent tetany. This occurs if the blood calcium level falls below 7.5 mg/dl. The newborn will demonstrate jitteriness when handled or has been crying for an extended period. Constipation, excessive sleepiness, and a distended abdomen are not manifestations of hypocalcemia.
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