Answer to Question 1
ANS: B
The ductus venosus bypasses the liver, the foramen ovale bypasses the right ventricle, and the ductus arteriosus bypasses the lungs.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B
The beginnings of all major organs are present by the end of the seventh week. Therefore, it is important that the mother avoid substances that could disrupt organ development in early pregnancy.