When caring for a child with an intravenous (IV) infusion, what ...

[tichca]

When caring for a child with an intravenous (IV) infusion, what is an appropriate nursing action?
 
  a. Change the insertion site every 24 hours.
  b. Check the insertion site frequently for signs of infiltration.
  c. Use a macrodropper to facilitate reaching the prescribed flow rate.
  d. Avoid restraining the child to prevent undue emotional stress.

Question 2

What physiologic state(s) produces the clinical manifestations of nervous system stimulation and excitement, such as overexcitability, nervousness, and tetany?
 
  a. Metabolic acidosis
  b. Respiratory alkalosis
  c. Metabolic and respiratory acidosis
  d. Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis

[raenoj]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: B
The nursing responsibility for IV therapy is to calculate the amount to be infused in a given length of time; set the infusion rate; and monitor the apparatus frequently, at least every 1 to 2 hours, to make certain that the desired rate is maintained, the integrity of the system remains intact, the site remains intact (free of redness, edema, infiltration, or irritation), and the infusion does not stop. Insertion sites do not need to be changed every 24 hours unless a problem is found with the site. This exposes the child to significant trauma. A minidropper (60 drops/ml) is the recommended IV tubing in pediatric patients. Intravenous sites should be protected. This may require soft restraints on the child.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
The major symptoms and signs of alkalosis include nervous system stimulation and excitement, including overexcitability, nervousness, tingling sensations, and tetany that may progress to seizures. Acidosis (both metabolic and respiratory) has clinical signs of depression of the central nervous system, such as lethargy, diminished mental capacity, delirium, stupor, and coma. Respiratory alkalosis has the same symptoms and signs as metabolic alkalosis.