An important distinction in understanding substance abuse is that ...

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An important distinction in understanding substance abuse is that drug misuse, abuse, and addiction are considered what?
 
  a. Voluntary behaviors based on psychosocial needs
  b. Problems that occur in conjunction with addiction
  c. Involuntary physiologic responses to the pharmacologic characteristics of drugs
  d. Legal use of substances for purposes other than medicinal.

Question 2

What do nursing responsibilities regarding weight gain for an adolescent with anorexia nervosa include?
 
  a. Administer tube feedings until target weight is achieved.
  b. Restore body weight to within 10 of the adolescent's ideal weight.
  c. Encourage continuation of strenuous exercise as long as adolescent is not losing weight.
  d. Facilitate as rapid a weight gain as possible with a high-calorie diet.

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
Drug misuse, abuse, and addiction are considered voluntary behaviors. Cultural norms define what is abuse and misuse. Addiction is a psychologic dependence on a substance with or without physical dependence. Physical dependence is an involuntary response to the pharmacologic characteristics of the drug such as an opiate or alcohol. Legality is not always a factor in substance abuse. Legal substances such as alcohol and tobacco can also be misused or abused and can cause addiction.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
The restoration of body weight to a target weight or endpoint within 10 of ideal body weight is one of the main goals of therapy. Strenuous exercise is avoided as part of the need to modify behaviors. Tube feedings are intrusive and are avoided. They should only be used when other measures have failed. Weight restoration is accomplished slowly. The goal is 1 kg/wk to avoid the risk of metabolic and cardiac problems. Slow weight gain can minimize anxiety and depression.