Answer to Question 1
ANS: D
Drinking 2500 to 3000 mL of fluid each day will dilute the bacterial count and flush the infection from the bladder. Ingesting soft drinks and grapefruit juice increase urine alkalinity, which provides a medium for bacterial growth; pericare performed twice during a shift is not frequent enough to remove bacteria, and pericare should be done at each voiding or bowel movement.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A
If the uterus is not firmly contracted, the first intervention is to massage the fundus until it is firm and to express clots that may have accumulated in the uterus. One hand is placed just above the symphysis pubis to support the lower uterine segment, while the other hand gently but firmly massages the fundus in a circular motion. Clots that may have accumulated in the uterine cavity interfere with the ability of the uterus to contract effectively. They are expressed by applying firm but gentle pressure on the fundus in the direction of the vagina. If the uterus does not remain contracted as a result of uterine massage or if the fundus is displaced, the bladder may be distended. A full bladder lifts the uterus, moving it up and to the side, preventing effective contraction of the uterine muscles. Assist the mother to urinate or catheterize her to correct uterine atony caused by bladder distention. Note the urine output. When the fundus is boggy, begin uterine massage. Check the woman's bladder for distention and have her empty it if necessary. If she is not able to void and the bladder is distended, catheterize the woman. Weigh blood-soaked pads.
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