Answer to Question 1
ANS: A
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells, which leads to absolute insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes results usually from insulin resistance. The pancreatic beta cells are not destroyed in gestational diabetes. MODY is an autosomal dominant monogenetic defect in beta cell function that is characterized by impaired insulin secretion with minimum or no defects in insulin action.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B
It is preferable to raise the child according to genetic sex. With hormone replacement and surgical intervention if needed, genetically female children achieve satisfactory results in reversing virilism and achieving normal puberty and ability to conceive. Reconstructive surgery as a female is only preferred for infants who are genetically female. Infants who are genetically male should be given hormonal supplementation. Sex assignment and rearing depend on psychosocial influences, not on genetic sex hormone influences during fetal life. It is not advised to raise the child as a boy because of the presence of a penis and scrotum unless the child is genetically male. If a genetic female, the child will be sterile and may never be able to function satisfactorily in a heterosexual relationship.
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Plasma insulin binds to receptors on target cells to enter the cells, which starts actions that lead ...