Author Question: A nurse notes that when an infant is startled, she looks at her mother. What conclusion can the ... (Read 59 times)

james9437 · **on:** Jun 28, 2018

A nurse notes that when an infant is startled, she looks at her mother. What conclusion can the nurse make about this infant's development?

A.
The child is slow to adapt and is distressed over small changes.
B.
The developmental needs of the child are not being met.
C.
The infant can develop other relationships because he is secure.
D.
The infant has an unstable home environment and is insecure.

Question 2

A nurse observes several preschool-aged children during play and overhears one of them say My mommy won't let me do that. What conclusion is the most appropriate by the nurse regarding this child's development?

A.
The child has developed a superego according to Freud.
B.
The child has mastered Bandura's concept of self-mastery.
C.
The child is behind in moral reasoning and development.
D.
The child is in Erikson's autonomy versus shame and doubt phase.

hanadaa · **Reply #1 on:** Jun 28, 2018

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
According to John Bowlby's theory of attachment, the infant becomes attached to the mother as a way to survive the vulnerabilities of infancy. When the attachment is secure, the mother is seen as home base. When the child becomes startled or frightened, he or she will look to the mother for security. Knowing that home base is secure allows the child to go on to develop other relationships. The other statements are not accurate.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
According to Freud, between the ages of 3 and 6, children begin to develop a superego, which serves to regulate behavior. The child who knows there are limits to behavior is demonstrating this development. Bandura's concept of self-mastery occurs due to the influence of several factors. This child is too young to have developed this. According to Erikson, the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt typically occurs between the ages of 1 and 3. The child is also too young to have mastered the tasks involved in moral reasoning, and so one cannot say he is behind.