Which degree of causality means that a cause is necessary but not ...

[JMatthes]

Which degree of causality means that a cause is necessary but not sufficient to bring about an effect?
 a. absolute causality
 b. conditional causality
 c. contributory causality
 d. confirmatory causality

Question 2

Any covariation between a cause and an effect that is true and not simply due to some other variable is said to be:
 a. nonspurious.
 b. nonambiguous.
 c. confirmatory.
 d. concomitant.

[TDubDCFL]

Answer to Question 1

b

Answer to Question 2

a

[JMatthes]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it

[AmberC1996]

Excellent