Author Question: When a participant's expectation about what effect an experimental manipulation is supposed to have ... (Read 53 times)

james9437 · **on:** Jun 19, 2018

When a participant's expectation about what effect an experimental manipulation is supposed to have influences the dependent measure independently of the actual effect of the manipulation, the change in the dependent measure is called

a. a placebo effect.
b. an experimenter bias.
c. a confound.
d. a demand characteristic.

Question 2

Pilot testing before conducting an experiment helps to be sure that

a. the independent variables will be interpreted as expected.
b. the manipulation checks will show the same patterns as the confound checks.
c. participants will be able to understand the research hypothesis.
d. the cover story is not necessary.