When a participant's expectation about what effect an ...

[james9437]

When a participant's expectation about what effect an experimental manipulation is supposed to have influences the dependent measure independently of the actual effect of the manipulation, the change in the dependent measure is called
 
  a. a placebo effect.
  b. an experimenter bias.
  c. a confound.
  d. a demand characteristic.

Question 2

Pilot testing before conducting an experiment helps to be sure that
 
  a. the independent variables will be interpreted as expected.
  b. the manipulation checks will show the same patterns as the confound checks.
  c. participants will be able to understand the research hypothesis.
  d. the cover story is not necessary.

[durant1234]

Answer to Question 1

a

Answer to Question 2

a

[james9437]

TYSM

[Hdosisshsbshs]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it