Compare and contrast correlation, covariance, and ...

[rachel9]

Compare and contrast correlation, covariance, and causation.

Question 2

Which of the following refers to an approach to paying for local advertising or retail advertising whereby the advertising space or time is placed by a local retail store but is partly or fully paid for by a national manufacturer whose product is featured in the advertising?
 a. cooperative advertising c. trade allowances
  b. incentives d. in-store displays

[Brummell1998]

Answer to Question 1

Concomitant variation is one condition needed to establish a causal relationship between two variables. When two variables covary, they display concomitant variation. This systematic covariation does not in and of itself establish causality. The relationship would also need to be nonspurious and that any hypothesized cause would have to occur before any subsequent effect.

Answer to Question 2

A
Definition of cooperative advertising