Answer to Question 1
Passed in 1972, Title IX is an amendment to federal education law that prohibits discrimination against females in school sports. Before its passage, most girls in the United States rarely had opportunities to participate in organized competitive school sports. Since the passage of Title IX, barriers for girls and women in sports have begun to break down. Since 1972, participation by females in high school sports has increased by more than 990 percent; in college sports, by more than 560 percent.
Answer to Question 2
The selection process takes two years and involves multiple steps, such as:
An extensive application process that provides details about the physical locations and facilities available for use in the cities
An elaborate marketing campaign that includes presentations made by the top-ranking cities
Site visits by the selection committee to view the city's infrastructure, such as roadways, which would be used by thousands of spectators and athletes