Answer to Question 1
Early sociology found especially fertile ground in the massive social changes undertaking the U.S. in the nineteenth and twentieth century. The study of these changes led to the development and refinement of new methods such as the sociological survey, as well as new theoretical perspectives such as the Interactionist perspective arising from the sociology department at the University of Chicago. Additionally sociology in the U.S. took on a social justice and reform framework as well.
Answer to Question 2
The experience of slavery labeled blacks as inferior. In addition, their physical characteristics set them apart from other, mostly European groups. Changes in the economy have continued to place blacks at a disadvantage. Manufacturing jobs have declined and service jobs increased at lower pay, causing a sharp decline in the economic position of black males. These trends have been accompanied by alcohol and drug abuse, which has further negatively affected the socioeconomic position of blacks.
Alexander Fleming photographed in his lab where he observed the natural competition between a fungus
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