Answer to Question 1
Erikson used the phrase new species of trouble specifically for environmental
impacts that contaminate instead of damage. In contrast to a direct assault or direct
damage, contamination is more difficult to detect and to counter. It seeps into all
systemsair, water, and groundand enters human tissue, making it nearly impossible
to purify or get rid of the contamination. Erikson cited new forms of technological
disasters as the source of this new species of trouble.
Answer to Question 2
Although collective behavior is short-lived and relatively unorganized, social movements
are longer lasting, are more organized, and have specific goals or purposes. A social
movement is an organized group that acts consciously to promote or resist change
through collective action. Because social movements have not become institutionalized
and are outside the political mainstream, they offer outsiders an opportunity to have
their voices heard. Social movements are more likely to develop in industrialized
societies than in preindustrial societies, where acceptance of traditional beliefs and
practices makes such movements unlikely. Diversity and a lack of consensus
(hallmarks of industrialized nations) contribute to demands for social change, and
people who participate in social movements typically lack power and other resources to
bring about change without engaging in collective action. Social movements are most
likely to appear when people come to see their personal troubles as public issues that
cannot be solved without a collective response. Social movements are most commonly
directed at the government, but other social institutions may also be the targets of social
movements.
Eye configuration of a Hogna species
Covalent bonds form by the sharing of electrons
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Structures of (a) free and (b) DNA-bound forms of BamHI, with DNA shown end-on, in orange
Mass Wasting Forms
Disruptive selection eliminates midrange forms of a trait