The first South American country to declare its independence from ...

[javeds]

The first South American country to declare its independence from Spain was
 
  a. Venezuela.
  b. Bolivia.
  c. Mexico.
  d. Haiti.
  e. Peru.

Question 2

Political elites in the old land-based empires of Russia and the Ottomans were torn between reform and
 
  a. war.
  b. revolution.
  c. expansionist needs.
  d. alliances with major Western powers.
  e. continuity.

[bdobbins]

Answer to Question 1

a

Answer to Question 2

e

[javeds]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it

[patma1981]

Excellent