Answer to Question 1
Males and females use both a caring/helping/cooperation orientation and a justice/fairness/individual rights orientation, but they differ slightly in terms of which one each invokes more often. Males tend to invoke the justice/fairness/individual rights orientation a bit more often than the caring/helping/cooperation orientation, while females exhibit the opposite pattern.
Answer to Question 2
Self-questioning improves comprehension and the integration of new material with already learned material. However, in order to use self-questioning profitably, the questions that the learner generates and the questions used for the assessment need to make similar cognitive demands on the learner.
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