Answer to Question 1
There are three aspects of an organization's culture. The most obvious is the visible culture that an observer can hear, see, or feel. At a deeper level, espoused values are not readily observed but instead are the ways managers and employees explain and justify actions and decisions. Espoused values are generally consciously and explicitly communicated. At the center of organizational culture are core values that are widely shared, operate unconsciously, and are considered nonnegotiable.
Answer to Question 2
Stakeholders are the groups or individuals who have an interest in the performance of the enterprise and how it uses its resources, including employees, customers, and shareholders. Examples of owners include board members, mutual funds and employee pension funds. Examples of employees include retirees, new employees, and labor unions. Examples of governments include federal agencies, foreign governments, and local governments. Customers include business purchasers and consumers. Community can include United Way, public schools and the local media. Social activist groups and competitors are also organizational stakeholder groups to consider.
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