Answer to Question 1
In interpreting expected results, the researcher should not make interpretations that go beyond the data. Point out any limitations of the study and report any known internal validity problems that could account for the results. Remember the difference between statistical significance and practical significance.
Unexpected results should be reported, but be cautious in your interpretation. They should be considered incidental to the main purpose of the study. They can be investigated in a later study.
Answer to Question 2
Bruner suggests discovery learning, where children are confronted with problems and teachers help them seek solutions, either independently or through group discussions. Bruner argues that particular critical outcomes, such as being able to discover how ideas relate to each other and to our existing knowledge and to solve problems, are the essence of education and are best accomplished through personal discovery.
Expected and Unexpected Reinforcers
New England children like David, Joanna, and Abigail Mason (painted by an unknown artist around 1670
A medical assistant listening to the patient and physician discuss the patient's care.
East–West Differences in Interpreting Emotion
Physics 12 - Interpreting Motion
The expected results of two generations of semiconservative replication