Answer to Question 1
A popular form of intergroup training is called organizational mirroring, an OD technique designed to improve the effectiveness of interdependent groups. Suppose that two groups are in conflict or simply need to learn more about each other and one of the groups calls in a consultant to improve intergroup cooperation. The consultant begins by interviewing members of both groups to understand how each group views the other and to uncover possible problems the groups are having with each other. The groups are then brought together in a training session, and the consultant tells them the goal of the session is to explore perceptions and relations in order to improve work relationships. Then, with the consultant leading the discussion, one group describes its perceptions of what is happening and its problems with the other group while the other group sits and listens. Then the consultant reverses the situationhence the term organizational mirroringand the group that was listening takes its turn discussing its perceptions of what is happening and its problems while the other group listens.
Answer to Question 2
Process consultation is an OD technique in which a facilitator works closely with a manager on the job to help the manager improve his or her interactions with other group members. Process consultation bears a resemblance to both counseling and sensitivity training. A process consultant acts as a sounding board so the manager can gain a better idea about what is going on in the group setting and can discover the interpersonal dynamics that are determining the quality of work relationships within the group.
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