Answer to Question 1
Managers best suited to working in foreign environments typically have the following characteristics:
1. Job knowledge. In distant locations, managers need sufficient knowledge of the administrative and technical dimensions of their job and organization to fulfill company goals and objectives.
2. Self-reliance. Having an entrepreneurial orientation, a proactive mind-set, and a strong sense of innovativeness are important because expatriate managers frequently function with increased independence abroad and limited support from headquarters.
3. Adaptability. The manager should adjust well to foreign cultures. The most important traits are cultural empathy, flexibility, diplomacy, and a positive attitude for overcoming stressful situations.
4. Interpersonal skills. The best candidates get along well with others. Building and maintaining relationships is key, particularly for managers who interact with numerous colleagues, employees, local partners, and government officials.
5. Leadership ability. The most successful managers view change positively. They skillfully manage threats and opportunities that confront the firm. They collaborate with employees to implement strategies and facilitate successful change.
6. Physical and emotional health. Living abroad can be stressful. Expatriates must learn to adapt to the local culture. Medical care is often different and may be difficult to access.
7. Spouse and dependents prepared for living abroad. The candidate's spouse and other family members need the desire and ability to cope with unfamiliar environments and cultures.
Answer to Question 2
D
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