Refer to Exhibit 5-4. Which one is a null hypothesis?
a. The presentation of advance organizers will raise the amount of learning and retention of the subsequently presented materials.
b. There is no significant relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement.
c. There is an interaction effect between method of teaching mathematics and gender of students upon learning of mathematics in high school.
d. There is a relationship between the emotional maturity of elementary school children and their experiences during the first two years of their childhood.
Question 2
Refer to Exhibit 5-4. Which one is a directional hypothesis?
a. The presentation of advance organizers will raise the amount of learning and retention of the subsequently presented materials.
b. There is no significant relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement.
c. There is an interaction effect between method of teaching mathematics and gender of students upon learning of mathematics in high school.
d. There is a relationship between the emotional maturity of elementary school children and their experiences during the first two years of their childhood.
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