Answer to Question 1
Technical knowledge and skills are necessary to carry out the operations of a particular functional area. The most frequently mentioned are financial analysis, budgeting, managerial accounting, and marketing. Interpersonal knowledge and skills, often called human skills, refer to the ability to work with, understand, and motivate others, both individually and in groups. It is the manager's interpersonal skills and knowledge of human behavior that will be the primary determinant of his/her success in influencing others and developing necessary information networks.
Answer to Question 2
Employee oriented styles can be said to be reflected in participative or supportive managerial actions and require higher levels of the interpersonal skills.
Participative style emphasizes involving subordinates in decision making, particularly how they go about achieving their task. Reason suggests that participative styles are more effective in market leader organizations.
Supportive style is characterized by friendliness, empathy, and concern for meeting employees' needs. There is no evidence to show that a supportive style is more or less effective in any organizational context.
This modified model of Easton’s systems theory puts government decision makers as the source of pol
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