A researcher reports r = 0.60, p = 0.02 when correlating the relationship between anxiety level and pulse rate in a study with an alpha of 0.05. How should the nurse who is reading this report interpret these results?
1. As anxiety increased, so did pulse rates in this study; this was a statistically significant although moderate, positive correlation.
2. As anxiety increased, so did pulse rates in this study, and this correlation was both negative and strong.
3. As anxiety increased, so did pulse rates in this study, and this correlation was a strong, positive correlation that failed to reach significance.
4. Anxiety and pulse rates increased, but the correlation was weak.
Question 2
Why is it most appropriate to compute a chi-square when comparing frequency of gender (male/female) and smoking status (smoker/nonsmoker)?
1. Gender and smoking status are both nominal-level variables in this example, and a chi-square requires nominal-level data.
2. Gender and smoking status, as defined in this case, are both ordinal-level data, and a chi-square requires ordinal-level data.
3. Chi-square is used in any research question where the independent variable is grouped according to gender.
4. An ANOVA is the most commonly used test with nominal/nominal-level data.
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