Answer to Question 1
B
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Establishing a consensus on what the quality criteria for qualitative inquiry should be, and what they should be named, remains elusive, and it is unlikely that a consensus will be achieved in the near future, if ever. Guba and Lincoln established criteria considered as the gold standard for qualitative research; however, not all qualitative researchers agree with their recommendations. The criteria established by Guba and Lincoln to develop trustworthiness of qualitative inquirycredibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferabilityrepr esent parallels to the positivists' criteria of internal validity, reliability, objectivity, and external validity, respectively.
Answer to Question 2
C
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Interpretation and analysis of qualitative data typically occur virtually simultaneously, in an iterative process. Interpretation in qualitative studies sometimes yields hypotheses that can be tested in more controlled quantitative studies. The nature of qualitative research is to generate, not test hypotheses. Qualitative research is especially productive when it is used to describe and explain poorly understood phenomena. Prudent qualitative researchers hold their interpretations up for closer scrutinyself-scrutiny as well as review by peers and outside reviewers. Even when researchers have undertaken peer debriefings and other strategies described in this chapter, these procedures do not constitute proof that interpretations are correct.
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