Answer to Question 1
A
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A proxy variable is a measurable variable that stands in place of the variable of interest. The variable of interest is sometimes impractical to measure because of technical difficulty, excessive expense, ambiguity, abstraction, or multiple facets. In the case of patient outcome, the concept has too many facets to allow a practical enquiry. Length of hospital stay is often chosen when rapidity of response to the pre-morbid state is the study's principal focus. Eligibility for Medicare, staffing ratios, and falls risk are not outcomes: they are, according to Donabedian's framework, structures of care
Answer to Question 2
B
The general survey includes assessing every patient for signs of distress.
Thyroid scan. The right image is the data from a thyroid scan, printed on a superimposed map of the
Defibrillator. Defibrillators are devices that supply a voltage charge to the heart in the hope of r
A patient examination room should be simple and efficiently designed.
Amyloid plaques (stained blue) in the brain of a deceased patient who had Alzheimer’s disease.
A Breathalyzer is used to measure a person's blood alcohol concentration (BAC)