Answer to Question 1
3
Rationale 1: Whereas cost-effective nursing care is important, it is not as important as providing optimum care. Many would argue that cost-effectiveness is a part of optimum care.
Rationale 2: Whereas nursing research will help to establish credibility of the nursing profession, this result is not as important as providing optimum care to the client.
Rationale 3: The major reason for conducting research is to foster optimum care for clients. Evidence-based practice is nurses making clinical decisions based on the best research evidence, the nurse's clinical expertise, and the health preferences of the client.
Rationale 4: Whereas nursing research does provide rationale for nursing actions, thereby promoting accountability, this is not as important as providing optimal care to the client.
Answer to Question 2
1
Rationale 1: Florence Nightingale used the research process as an entity and did not merely use some aspects of the research process. She used this systematic approach and its resultant findings to change nursing practice.
Rationale 2: Only in recent years have nurses concentrated on establishing a unique body of nursing knowledge. This has occurred in the years since Nightingale.
Rationale 3: Although Nightingale did begin systematically making and recording data, it was her admonishment that all nurses do the same that began to change nursing.
Rationale 4: Whereas Nightingale used observations to influence practice in her sphere of control, it is unclear how widely she was able to disseminate the information.
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