Which characterize health inequities? (Select all that apply.) ...

[vicotolentino]

Which characterize health inequities? (Select all that apply.)
 
  A) Necessary
  B) Unfair
  C) Resulting from social injustices
  D) Avoidable
  E) Natural

Question 2

Which exemplify clinical interventions (the level just above the middle of the health impact pyramid)? (Select all that apply.)
 
  A) Administration of insulin injections for diabetes
  B) Restrictions on smoking in public places
  C) Community immunization programs
  D) Instruction provided by a nurse regarding proper nutrition
  E) Treatment of hypertension

[patma1981]

Answer to Question 1

Ans: B, C, D
Feedback:
According to Falk-Rafael and Betker (2012), Health disparities become health inequities when they are unnecessary, unfair, and preventable resulting from social injustices that become engrained in the fabric of society through its social, economic, and political structures, laws, policies, and culture so as to become largely invisible. Health inequities are avoidable inequalities in health between groups of people within countries and between countries and are not in any sense a natural phenomenon.

Answer to Question 2

Ans: A, E
Feedback:
At the level just above the middle of the pyramid are clinical interventions such as treatment of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. At the second level from the bottom of the health impact pyramid are interventions that change the environment or options available so that making the choice for a healthy behavior is the default or easy choice whereas choosing a less healthy option would require a person to spend more time, effort, or money. Examples include food and drug safety, iodization of salt, elimination of trans fats in food, and restrictions on smoking in public places and work sites. Changing food manufacturing to eliminate trans fats, for example, will have a positive impact on the health of the entire population without people having to change their buying or eating habits and would be sustained over time. At the middle of the pyramid are community health interventions such as immunizations that have a long-term protective effect as well as periodic screenings such as colonoscopy. At the top of the pyramid are counseling and health education.

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