Author Question: The nurse researches the relationship between frequent ingestion of fast foods and obesity. The ... (Read 64 times)

jilianpiloj · **on:** Jul 8, 2018

The nurse researches the relationship between frequent ingestion of fast foods and obesity.

The nurse finds that in a population that eats at least five fast food meals per week on average, the incidence rate of people who are obese is 735/1,000 population. In the population that eats only one fast food meal per week on average, the incidence rate of people who are obese is 245/1,000 population. Based on these findings, what is the relative risk of developing obesity in those who eat at least five fast food meals per week?
A) 0.3
B) 0.7
C) 1
D) 3

Question 2

Advantages of a case-control study include: (Select all that apply).

A) Allows for the examination of multiple exposures for a single outcome
B) Allows for the direct measure of the incidence of a disease
C) Is generally quicker and less expensive to conduct than cohort studies
D) Appropriate for studying rare exposures
E) Requires fewer case-subjects

mmpiza · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 8, 2018

Answer to Question 1

Ans: D
Feedback:
Relative risk (RR) is defined as the ratio of disease incidence (or death) in an exposed population to that in an unexposed population. The assumption is that the underlying risk without the exposure is the same in both groups. Relative risk is a ratio ranging from 0 to infinity that indicates the strength of the association between the risk factor and the outcome. It is calculated by dividing the risk in the group exposed to a risk factor by the risk in the unexposed group. In this case, we perform the following calculation: 735/245 = 3. An RR significantly greater than 1 (statistically) indicates that the exposure is associated with increased risk of disease. An RR significantly less than 1 (statistically) indicates that the exposure is associated with decreased risk of disease; that is, the exposure is protective. An RR not significantly different from 1 (statistically) indicates that there is no association between the exposure and the risk of disease.

Answer to Question 2

Ans: A, C, E
Feedback:
Case-control studies have several advantages: they allow for the examination of multiple exposures for a single outcome, are suitable for studying rare diseases and those with long latency periods, require fewer case-subjects, and generally are quicker and less expensive to conduct than cohort studies, making them well suited for an outbreak investigation. They have several disadvantages: they are not appropriate for studying rare exposures, they are subject to bias because of the method used to select controls, and they do not allow the direct measure of the incidence of disease.