Answer to Question 1
ANS: D
In the late 1980s, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed a set of guidelines, called universal precautions, to prevent transmission of diseases found in blood and other body fluids. These guidelines were developed because infected people may be asymptomatic and have no knowledge of their conditions; therefore, health care workers must assume that all patients are infectious and protect themselves. Refusing to treat the patient, sending the patient to an emergency department, or treating the patient with antibiotics and fluids would not be appropriate measures to protect the staff.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B
Primary vaccine failure is the failure of a vaccine to stimulate any immune response. It can be caused by improper storage that may render the vaccines ineffective, improper administration route, or exposure of light-sensitive vaccines to light. Secondary vaccine failure is the waning of immunity following an initial immune response, often occurring with immunosuppressed and organ transplant patients in whom the immune memory is essentially destroyed. Although the injection will not feel so cold to the client, the problem that will result is primary vaccine failure.
Client on IV patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).
Patient Teaching
Position of patient to assess jugular vein distention
ROM exercises on a patient’s wrist: ulnar deviation.
A surgeon holds a pacemaker next to an X-ray of a pacemaker implanted in a patient’s chest.
Denture sore mouth in a patient who never removed partial dentures at night.