A ________ is where public employment hiring and promotion are ...

[jazziefee]

A ________ is where public employment hiring and promotion are based on demonstrated skill, training, and performance rather than on political patronage.
 
  A. merit system
  B. connector model
  C. two-track system
  D. de facto segregation
  E. spoils system

Question 2

Explain the aspects associated with the regulation of working conditions.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[beccamahon]

Answer to Question 1

A

Answer to Question 2

An ideal response would be:
Despite expanded federal regulation, state and local governments still have much to say about working conditions.
 Health and safety legislation: States require proper heating, lighting, ventilation, fire escapes, and sanitary facilities in work areas. Machinery must be equipped with safety guards. Some standards have also been established to reduce occupation related diseases. Health, building, and labor inspectors tour industrial plants to ensure compliance with the laws.
 Workers' compensation: Today, all states have workers' compensation programs based on the belief that employees should not have to bear the cost of accidents or illnesses incurred because of their jobs. The costs of accidents and occupational diseases are borne by employers and passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices. In the past, employees had to prove that their employers were at fault if they suffered an accident on the job. Today, if people are injured or contract a disease in the ordinary course of employment, they are entitled to compensation set by a prearranged schedule. Workers' compensation is a controversial issue, with employers arguing that employee claims of workplace stress are excessive and will make U.S. firms uncompetitive.
 Child labor: All states forbid child labor, yet state laws vary widely in their coverage and in their definition of child labor. Many states set the minimum age for employment at 14 . Higher age requirements are normal for employment in hazardous occupations and during school hours. Many of these regulations have been superseded by stricter federal laws.
 Consumer protection: The consumer protection movement, which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s, says consumers should be provided with adequate safety information and should have their complaints heard. Most states have offices to hear consumer complaints, including lawyers working in the offices of the state attorney general. State governments often establish professional standards and handle complaints about legal and medical services or insurance practices.