Author Question: The nursing instructor is discussing the difference between normal cells and cancer cells with the ... (Read 80 times)

jwb375 · **on:** Jul 11, 2018

The nursing instructor is discussing the difference between normal cells and cancer cells with the pre-nursing class in pathophysiology. What would the instructor cite as a characteristic of a cancer cell?

A) Malignant cells contain more fibronectin.
B) The cell membrane of malignant cells contains proteins called tumor-specific antigens.
C) Chromosomes are commonly found to be strong.
D) Nuclei of cancer cells are large and regularly shaped.

Question 2

Urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, retention, and incontinence are common with aging. These occur because of (Select all that apply.)

a. weakened musculature in the bladder and urethra.
b. 1,000 to 2,000 mL fluids per 24 hours.
c. diminished neurologic sensation combined with decreased bladder capacity.
d. increased hormonal changes and muscle strength.
e. the effects of medications such as diuretics.

courtney_bruh · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 11, 2018

Answer to Question 1

B

Answer to Question 2

A, C, E
Urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, retention, and incontinence are common with aging. These occur because of weakened musculature in the bladder and urethra, diminished neurologic sensation combined with decreased bladder capacity, and the effects of medications such as diuretics. Older women are at risk for stress incontinence because of hormonal changes and weakened pelvic musculature. Inadequate fluid intake (less than 1,000 to 2,000 mL per 24 hours) can lead to urinary stasis.