A 78-year-old man has received a recent diagnosis of ...

[Kthamas]

A 78-year-old man has received a recent diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Potential pathological findings on a recent chest x-ray have prompted his physician to order a bronchoscopy and lung function tests.
 
  Which of the following findings would be most likely suggestive of pathological processes rather than normal, age-related respiratory changes? A) The client has fewer cilia than would be found in a younger client.
  B) Lung function tests reveal that both maximum breathing and vital capacity are diminished since his last test.
  C) There is an accumulation of serous fluid between the lungs and the pleural membrane.
  D) The lungs are smaller than younger adults' and there are fewer alveoli.

Question 2

A nurse is providing care for a 75-year-old man, whom she has noted has not voided urine since the beginning of the shift. The man states that this has happened to him before and that while he presently has the urge to void, he is unable to do so.
 
  An ultrasound bladder scan indicates that there is 780 cc of urine in the man's bladder. What is the most likely cause of the man's urinary retention? A) Fecal impaction
  B) Prostatic hypertrophy
  C) Neurogenic reflex
  D) Muscle weakness

[ambernicolefink]

Answer to Question 1

C
Feedback:
While decreases in the number of cilia, alveoli, lung size, and lung capacities are commonly associated with aging, an accumulation of serous fluid would not be considered a normal consequence of the aging process.

Answer to Question 2

B
Feedback:
Among men, prostatic hypertrophy is the most common cause of urinary retention. Fecal impaction is the most common cause of urinary retention in women. Neurogenic (reflex) causes incontinence because of an inability to sense the urge to void or control urine flow. Inefficient neurologic control of bladder emptying and weaker bladder muscles can promote the retention of large volumes of urine; however, it is not as likely as prostatic hypertrophy.

[Kthamas]

Excellent

[bimper21]

TYSM