Answer to Question 1
B
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A Incorrect. Type 2 diabetes is present when insulin is produced but does not low-er the blood glucose level.
B Correct. Fasting plasma glucose over 125 is considered diabetes, whereas a level between 110 and 125 is considered to be impaired fasting glucose (IFG).
C Incorrect. Type 1 diabetes was formerly called insulin-dependent diabetes mel-litus (IDDM), whereas type 2 diabetes was formerly called noninsulin depen-dent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
D Incorrect. In the United States, approximately 8.7 of all adults have diabetes, whereas 18.3 of persons older than 60 years have diabetes.
Answer to Question 2
B, E, F
a. Incorrect. A hip replacement is performed to relieve chronic pain or to repair a fracture, but is more likely to cause acute pain.
b. Correct. Bone metastasis is likely to cause an older adult chronic pain because it is ex-tremely difficult to eradicate cancer metastasis from bone and because the invasion of cancer into bone can be very painful owing to tumor growth pressing on nerves.
c. Incorrect. Hypoproteinemia is unlikely to cause chronic pain and is more likely to cause fatigue.
d. Incorrect. A migraine headache is likely to cause acute, intense pain. Headaches can be recurrent, but they are usually time-limited.
e. Correct. Compression fractures are likely to cause chronic pain because the compressed vertebra is likely to press on spinal nerves and cause muscle spasms.
f. Correct. Postherpetic neuralgia is a result of nerve damage from shingles. It is likely to cause chronic pain because it is very difficult to treat effectively.
Pneumothorax. Figure illustrates how puncture of thoracic wall and tearing of pleural membrane allow
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