Answer to Question 1
B
Cardiac output is decreased as a result of the slowed heart rate and weaker cardiac contractions. This is not usually a noticeable problem unless older persons are exposed to stressors that exceed their reserves. Responses A, C, and D are incorrect. The aging heart is slower and weaker, the valves become thickened and more rigid, and blood vessels thicken and become less elastic.
Answer to Question 2
D
One physiological theory of aging focuses on genetics, stating that people are born with a genetic program that predetermines life span. Another focuses on a person's nutrition during his or her life span, and yet another focuses on the fact that all fine-tuned machineryand that includes body partswear out or become less effective as they are repeatedly used. Response Dpersonalityis incorrect because it does not relate directly to a physiological factor.
The female reproductive system. (a) Sagittal section through the pelvis. (b) Top view of pelvic orga
Heart
Normal artery versus plaque formation
Action Potentials and Contractions of a Muscle Fiber
The Koeppen System
Female Reproductive System