Using the TNM staging classification system, what does a tumor ...

[shenderson6]

Using the TNM staging classification system, what does a tumor staged as T4N3M2 mean?
 
  a. No evidence of primary tumor, lymph node involvement, or distant metastasis
  b. Carcinoma in situ, regional lymph node involvement, and metastasis to one site
  c. Enlarging tumor, increasing lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis
  d. Enlarging tumor, no lymph node involvement, or distant metastasis

Question 2

A 28-year-old married attorney with one child is in the first trimester of her second pregnancy. The patient states that she is at no risk for HIV, so she would not need to be counseled about testing for HIV. Which is the most appropriate response?
 
  a. She's a professional woman in a monogamous relationship. She obviously is not at risk.
  b. Women are not at great risk. The greatest risk is with gay men.
  c. The fastest-growing segment of the population with AIDS is women and children. We need to assess her risks.
  d. We need to review her chart to determine if her first child was infected.

[jordangronback]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
TNM cancer staging classification system T4N3M2 means progressive increase in tumor size and involvement, increasing involvement of regional lymph nodes, and distant metastasis present.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C
Increases in AIDS cases in women and heterosexuals and a slowing of cases in the men who have sex with men (MSM) category are a direct reflection of early educational efforts directed at the MSM population, who were believed to be the only population at risk. Women need to be assessed for different manifestations of HIV infection. It is the current recommendation for voluntary HIV testing for all pregnant women.