What seems to be the cause of the fourth-grade slump, particularly for students living in poverty?
A) There is less classroom help available in most poor schools after the third grade.
B) Pupils become discouraged after several years of negative school experiences.
C) Schooling becomes more academic and more abstract.
D) Schooling becomes less interesting and less challenging once basic skills are learned.
Question 2
If schools do not offer bilingual programs for ELL students, what is the most effective approach to teaching these English language learners to read?
A) Delay formal reading instruction until they have a reasonable command of English.
B) Delay teaching them to read in their native language until they can read in English.
C) Teach them to read in their native language and in English simultaneously.
D) Teach them to read in the language that is more phonetically (phonically) regular and simple to understand.
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