Answer to Question 1
Learning activities in which students do and think about what they do.
Answer to Question 2
Production is mentioned in the standards in every content area and also in the national standards for English Language Learners. The words compose, design, create, model, develop, and report are used to indicate that an important aspect of student learning across the content areas involves student products. Production is a form of learning whereby students create a product or a concrete artifact that is the focus of learning. Production is one kind of project-based learning. Production can be seen as the process, and the product is typically the end result.