Answer to Question 1
Answer: Depressive disorders in men are often under diagnosed and under-treated. Because of that, the disparity in rates of depressive disorders between men and women may not actually be as large as reported. Some of the lack of recognition may arise from the different ways men express their illness. Rather than appearing sad, they may be irritable, fatigued, or extremely cynical. Men with a depressive disorder may also be especially prone to physical effects like digestive problems, sleep disturbances, sexual problems, and headaches. Men may also have a hard time accepting their depression out of fear of social stigmatization, feeling that real men should be tough and not subject to feeling sad.
Answer to Question 2
Answer:
Practice positive self-talk. If you criticize yourself in your head, stop. Instead, make a habit of complimenting yourself, or repeating positive affirmations.
Pat yourself on the back. Notice when something you've done turns out well, and take a moment to congratulate yourself.
Listen to yourself. What do you really want, need, and value? If you want others to listen to you, you need to understand and respect your own thoughts and feelings first.
Stretch your abilities. Decide to learn something new, whether it's a school subject that seems intimidating or a sport you've never tried. Give yourself time to learn your new skill piece by piece, and then watch your talents grow.
Tackle your to do list. Think about tasks you've been putting off, like calling a relative with whom you haven't spoken for a while or cleaning out your closet. Get a couple of them done each week. You'll be reminded of how much you can accomplish, and feel less distracted by loose ends.
Schedule some fun. In your drive to finish your to do list, make sure you leave time in your schedule for fun. Don't wait for others to invite you to a party or a filminvite them first. If money is tight, suggest hitting the bike paths or hiking trails and get the added feel-good benefit of exercise.
Serve others. There is no simpler, or more generous, way to build self-esteem than doing something nice for someone else. You'll both benefit.
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