Answer to Question 1
Those actions that are rewarded will tend to be strengthened and will be more likely to occur in the future, whereas those actions that are punished will be weakened and thus will be less likely to occur in the future
Answer to Question 2
Subtractive bilingualism is the term used when the elements of a second language replace the elements of the first language. This results in decreased cognitive ability. Additive bilingualism is a term used when the second language is taught in addition to a relatively well-developed first language.
