Answer to Question 1
CAP (College of American Pathologists).
Answer to Question 2
The earliest use of a robot in surgery was in hip replacement operations. Integrated Surgical Systems' ROBODOC, which is currently undergoing U.S. Food and Drug Administrationappro ved clinical trials, is a computer-controlled, image-directed robot that performed its first hip replacement in 1992 . It can be used only with cementless implants, which constitute about one-third of hip replacements each year. ROBODOC has been used in thousands of hip replacement operations worldwide. Because ROBODOC actually cuts into a patient's femur, however, there have to be strict built-in safeguards. These safeguards come from the program that controls the robot and physical limitations on how much ROBODOC can move.
Image was downloaded from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory web site
Laboratory Requisition Information
Organization of the Food and Drug Administration showing the seven centers that regulate human and ...
Testing patellar reflex with distraction
Computer Organization and Architecture
Nikola Tesla in his laboratory in 1899