Chen (2008) has identified four major issues associated with ...

[kwoodring]

Chen (2008) has identified four major issues associated with testing people from different cultures. They are (a) translation, (b) construct invariance, (c) response styles, and (d) social desirability.
 
  How do each of these issues relate to such research?
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

How does the logic of an experiment fulfill the criteria for establishing causation?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[mcarey591]

Answer to Question 1

(a) Translation: Do translated items mean the same thing in both languages?
(b) Construct invariance: Are concepts the same across cultures?
(c) Response styles: Do people in different cultures show the same response styles and patterns?
(d) Social desirability: Are there differences in impression management acros cultures?

Answer to Question 2

Each group in an experiment receives a different treatment. The effects of the manipulation should lead to predictably different results, establishing covariance between levels of the IV and the DV.
In an experiment, the researcher manipulates the variable, then assesses its effect, establishing temporal precedence of the IV.
If equivalent groups are established and all groups are treated the same except for the particular level of the IV, any difference at the end should be due to the effects of the IV, establishing internal validity.