Answer to Question 1
In scientific research, description begins with more systematic attention to specific details. In everyday observation, we don't have a detail plan about observing behavior, so our descriptions may be idiosyncratic and incomplete.
Scientific predictions are generally made for carefully defined and specified circumstances; casual predictions are much more vague.
Explanations in science involve careful description of the phenomena under consideration and when they will and will not occur, and the reasons the behavior does or does not occur; casual explanations typically only involve when a behavior will occur and are usually rely on loose criteria for support.
In science, the adequacy of description, prediction, and explanation that leads to control of behavior is tested in carefully controlled circumstances, often in laboratories where extraneous factors might affect the behavior in question. In everyday applications of control, the situation is likely to be so complex that it isn't possible to identify a single cause of behavior, so we don't know exactly how to control it.
Answer to Question 2
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Measles rash. (© Lowell Georgia/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.)
The experimental system that permits observation of rotation in the F1 component of F1F0 ATP (c)
Control of lipolysis in adipose cells by a cAMP-mediated cascade system
Biological control pits one organism against another
Environmental Science Toward a Sustainable Future
Naturalistic Observation