Answer to Question 1
Disadvantages:
European colonization produced or perpetuated many negative attributes of underdevelopment. These included the marginalization of subsistence farmers, notably those who colonial authorities, intent on cash crop production, displaced from quality soils to inferior land. In addition, European use of indigenous labor to build railways and roads often took a high toll in human lives and disrupted countless families. Furthermore, the colonizers often corrupted traditional systems of political organization to suit their needs, sowing seeds of dissent and interethnic conflict.
Advantages:
The colonies, and the independent nations that succeeded them, were the beneficiaries of new cities and the transport links, built with cheap (or forced) African labor; new medical and educational facilities (often developed through Christian missions); new crops and better agricultural techniques; employment and income provided by new mines and modern industries; new governmental institutions; and government-made maps useful for administration and planning.
Answer to Question 2
Sea of Japan (East Sea)
East China Sea
South China Sea
Bay of Bengal
Indian Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Miocene apes were found throughout Europe, continental Asia, and Africa.
Long-Term Potentiation
A port fuel-injected engine that is equipped with long, tuned intake-manifold runners.
Human activity has released carbon from sequestration in long-term reservoirs
Rapid, long-distance signaling in plants
Flexible exchange rates are supposed to prevent long-term trade deficits.