Answer to Question 1
Answer: A thermometer exposed to direct sunlight will be warmed by absorption of solar radiation and this will cause the temperature to be higher than that in the shade.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: 1. The specific heat of water is about five times as great as that of land.
2. Radiation received at the surface of a water body can penetrate to several tens of meters deep and distribute its energy throughout a very large mass. In contrast, the insolation absorbed by land heats only a very thin, opaque surface layer.
3. The warming of a water surface can be reduced considerably because of the vast supply of water available for evaporation. Because much energy is used in the evaporative process, less warming occurs.
4. Unlike solid land surfaces, water can be easily mixed both vertically and horizontally, allowing energy surpluses from one area to flow to regions of lower temperature.
Using an ice bath to test the fuel temperature sensor.
Change in air temperature at various air flow rates for a 4 pass operation
Cycles of Air Temperature
How to find when Celsius and Fahrenheit are the same temperature
Observed change in surface temperature from 1901 to 2012
The annual pattern of rings changes with ocean temperature and coral health