Answer to Question 1
Researchers have found that we tend to adopt the behaviors of others. For instance, if our friends gain weight, we tend to gain weight, but, as a positive example, if our friends quit smoking we are more likely to quit smoking. As a second example, we also tend to adopt the emotions of others, such as feeling more positive when we are around others who are positive. Third, social connection influences our health. For instance, older people who lack social connection have shorter life spans than those with more extensive social connections.
Answer to Question 2
First, young learners' metacognitive abilities are limited. For instance, young children are often unaware of the need to pay attention in learning activities, whereas their older counterparts are more likely to realize that attention is important and can better direct it to learning tasks. With teacher support, however, even young children quickly become more strategic about their learning. For example, students as early as the third grade can be taught metacognitive learning strategies. Second, young children tend to sometimes be overconfident and overestimate their cognitive abilities, particularly when tasks are challenging. Older students have a more realistic assessment of their metacognitive abilities.
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These examples of stimuli were used in the experiment by Vinckier et al. (2007). Mouton is the Frenc
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