Michael Abraham begins his year by outlining his expectations and then hands out a relatively short list of rules and procedures that he wants to follow throughout the year. He carefully explains why each rule and procedure exists and asks students in each case if they believe the rule is fair and sensible. In a few cases, the students disagree with a portion of a rule, but Michael again explains why the rule is necessary and how it can contribute to the students' learning. Finally, the students agree that the list is fair and acceptable. Of the following, the best prediction of the grade level Michael teaches is:
a. first grade.
b. fifth grade.
c. seventh grade.
d. tenth grade
Question 2
Ron Kenski and Ann Potter both have students' ability to compare and contrast as a goal for their American history students. They both assign an essay where the students have to compare and contrast the Jamestown and Plymouth Colonies in early America. Ron constructs a set of criteria to be used in scoring the essay. Ann does not. They both score the essays and assign students' grades. Of the following, which is the most accurate statement?
a. Ann's assessment is likely to be less reliable than Ron's and therefore less valid as well.
b. Ann's assessment is likely to be less reliable than Ron's but they are equally valid.
c. Both teachers' assessments are likely to be invalid, since they are essays.
d. Both teachers' assessments are valid and reliable since the assessments are consistent with their goals.
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