Answer to Question 1
Wilderness: Permanent protection of these undeveloped and unexploited areas so that the natural ecological process can operate freely. Permanent structures, roads, motor vehicles, and other mechanized transport are prohibited. Timber harvesting is excluded. Some livestock grazing and mineral development are allowed where such use existed previously; hiking and other similar activities are also allowed.
National Parks and National Wildlife Refuges: The intent is to protect areas of great scenic or unique ecological significance, protect important wildlife species, and provide public access for recreation and other uses.
National Forests: Multiple activities are attempted, such as recreation, timber harvesting, mining, grazing, and protection of watersheds and wildlife.
Answer to Question 2
Three mitigation steps include reducing or stopping the burning of fossil fuels at the source, stopping deforestation (natural carbon sinks), and stopping the of burning forests.
Ancestral versus shared derived characters involving a molecular trait.
Defensive mutualism involves species that receive food or shelter in return for providing protection
Muscle length versus isometric force
Pelvis of male versus female
Humoral control of blood sugar levels.
Social Capability versus GDP per Capita in 1960